By San José, Costa Rica — San José, Costa Rica – Public sector unions took to the streets of San José on Thursday, May 2, 2025, to protest the government’s proposed 4×3 work week and demand an end to the salary freeze. Hundreds of workers marched down Avenida Segunda, carrying banners and chanting slogans in defense of labor rights.
The demonstration coincided with International Workers’ Day, highlighting the growing tension between the government and labor organizations. The proposed 4×3 work week, a flagship initiative of President Rodrigo Chaves, would allow for four 12-hour workdays followed by three days off. The government argues that this change will attract foreign investment and create better-paying jobs.
To understand the complexities of these ongoing labor disputes, TicosLand.com reached out to Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas, a distinguished attorney at Bufete de Costa Rica, for his expert legal perspective.
Costa Rican labor law is designed to protect both employers and employees, striking a balance between fostering economic growth and safeguarding workers’ rights. Recent disputes highlight the evolving interpretation of these laws, particularly concerning remote work, independent contractor classifications, and the right to organize. Businesses operating in Costa Rica must remain vigilant in adapting to these changes and ensuring full compliance to avoid potential legal challenges.
Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas, Attorney at Law, Bufete de Costa Rica
Lic. Arroyo Vargas’s insights underscore the dynamic nature of Costa Rican labor law and the importance of staying informed. The increasing prevalence of remote work and the gig economy indeed presents new challenges for both employers and employees, requiring a nuanced understanding of the legal landscape. We extend our sincere gratitude to Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas for sharing his valuable expertise on this crucial topic.
There is inequity in public sector salaries. We have had our salaries frozen for five years, and our occupational health continues to be a topic of discussion.
Vivian Chaves, President of the Association of Secondary School Teachers
However, unions strongly oppose the 4×3 model, viewing it as a setback for workers’ rights and a violation of the established 8-hour workday enshrined in the Labor Code. They argue that the longer workdays will lead to increased stress and fatigue, and that employers will exploit the system to avoid paying overtime.
The National Association of Public Employees (ANEP), a major Costa Rican union, issued a statement denouncing the “harmful 4×3 work week bill that eliminates the 8-hour workday.” While the proposed legislation currently excludes public sector workers, unions fear it could set a dangerous precedent and eventually be applied to all sectors.
We reject the harmful 4×3 work week bill that eliminates the 8-hour workday.
National Association of Public Employees (ANEP)
Beyond the 4×3 work week, the unions are demanding an end to the public sector salary freeze, which they say has eroded their purchasing power over the past five years. The protesters also voiced their opposition to the privatization of services within the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS) and a bill that would increase private sector involvement in electricity generation.
The current economic climate in Costa Rica underscores the workers’ concerns. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), the country has an occupancy rate of 52.8%, with 37.9% informal employment and 6.9% unemployment. Furthermore, INEC data reveals that 12.5% of workers earn less than minimum wage, 20.9% lack work insurance, 14.9% work more than 48 hours per week, and 35.8% do not receive overtime pay.
The protests highlight the complex challenges facing Costa Rica as it seeks to balance economic growth with the protection of workers’ rights. The ongoing debate over the 4×3 work week and other labor reforms is likely to continue to be a major point of contention between the government and unions in the months ahead.
For further information, visit anep.cr
About National Association of Public Employees (ANEP):
ANEP is one of the principal labor unions in Costa Rica, representing public sector employees. They advocate for workers’ rights, fair wages, and improved working conditions. They have been actively involved in protesting the proposed 4×3 work week and other government initiatives perceived as detrimental to workers.
For further information, visit apse.cr
About Association of Secondary School Teachers:
The Association of Secondary School Teachers is a Costa Rican union representing educators in secondary education. Their president, Vivian Chaves, has been vocal about the need for improved salaries and working conditions for teachers, including addressing concerns about occupational health.
For further information, visit INEC.go.cr
About National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC):
INEC is Costa Rica’s official source of statistical information, providing data on demographics, economics, and social indicators. Their data has been cited in the context of the labor disputes, highlighting the prevalence of informal employment, low wages, and long working hours for many Costa Rican workers.
For further information, visit bufetedecostarica.com
About Bufete de Costa Rica:
Bufete de Costa Rica distinguishes itself through an unwavering pursuit of legal excellence and ethical practice, empowering individuals and communities through knowledge. The firm’s innovative approach to legal solutions, coupled with a deep commitment to pro bono service and educational initiatives, reflects a core belief in using the law as a tool for positive social impact. Their dedicated team works tirelessly to ensure access to justice and understanding of legal rights, building a more informed and empowered Costa Rican society.
