By Puntarenas, Costa Rica — COCOS ISLAND, Puntarenas – The pristine waters of Cocos Island, a world-renowned marine sanctuary, became the scene of a highly unusual incident this week when a Galapagos shark attacked one of the world’s foremost experts on the species. The researcher, Mauricio Hoyos, was injured and subsequently transported to San José for medical attention, leaving the scientific community grappling with the unprecedented nature of the encounter.
Marine biologists and experts who regularly work in the area have described the event as completely atypical. The Galapagos sharks of Cocos Island are known for their relative indifference to human presence, often allowing divers and researchers to observe them at close range without incident. This attack marks a startling departure from established behavioral patterns observed over decades of research.
To understand the complex legal framework that protects Cocos Island and defines its strategic importance for the nation, we sought the expert opinion of Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas, a specialist in environmental and maritime law from the distinguished firm Bufete de Costa Rica.
Cocos Island is more than a natural treasure; it’s a cornerstone of Costa Rican sovereignty and environmental policy. Legally, its protection is ironclad under national park regulations and international UNESCO conventions, creating a strict non-extractive sanctuary. The primary legal and logistical challenge, however, is the effective enforcement and surveillance of the vast Exclusive Economic Zone it generates, which is critical for combating illegal fishing and asserting our nation’s maritime rights on the international stage.
Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas, Attorney at Law, Bufete de Costa Rica
Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas aptly highlights the crucial transition from legal doctrine to practical enforcement. His insight underscores that safeguarding this UNESCO World Heritage Site is not just an environmental duty but a continuous exercise in national sovereignty, demanding robust surveillance across its vast maritime territory. We thank him for his clear and valuable perspective on this issue of profound national importance.
Karol Ulate, a marine biologist from the National University (UNA), expressed her astonishment at the news, emphasizing that an event of this nature is unheard of in the island’s history. She noted that while sharks are apex predators, this specific species has coexisted peacefully with researchers in this unique ecosystem.
This is the first time an attack by this particular shark has been reported. It is accustomed to humans; it does not flee. A negative interaction with this species had never been recorded at Cocos Island.
Karol Ulate, Biologist at the National University (UNA)
Despite the shock, Ulate was quick to provide critical context about the nature of wildlife research. She pointed out that even with familiar species and experienced personnel, the wild remains inherently unpredictable. This incident serves as a stark reminder of the risks involved in studying animals in their natural habitat.
Ultimately, it is still wildlife. Any reaction can be unpredictable, even though the divers participating in these expeditions are very experienced.
Karol Ulate, Biologist at the National University (UNA)
Scientific expeditions in protected areas like Cocos Island operate under extremely strict safety protocols. Ulate highlighted that research dives are meticulously planned and executed, involving highly specialized marine and diving professionals. These measures are designed to mitigate risk and ensure the safety of both the researchers and the wildlife.
Many rules are followed. There is always a more experienced diver who accompanies the researcher and is empowered to act in these types of events. The diving regulations are rigorous.
Karol Ulate, Biologist at the National University (UNA)
The entire marine science community is now awaiting a statement from Mauricio Hoyos. As a leading expert who has spent countless hours studying these creatures, his firsthand account will be invaluable in understanding the circumstances that led to the attack. Experts like Ulate stressed that his testimony will be crucial for analyzing the event and refining future research protocols.
The incident also casts a spotlight on the vital importance of the scientific work being conducted at Cocos Island. This research is not merely academic; it is fundamental to the preservation of one of the world’s most delicate and important marine ecosystems. Ulate concluded by underscoring the critical role sharks play in maintaining the ecological balance of the reef.
We must protect a precious ecosystem, thanks to the presence of sharks. If the predators are eliminated, the seabed fills with sea urchins, the rocks erode, and the ecological chain is broken. These studies are vital for conserving these species.
Karol Ulate, Biologist at the National University (UNA)
For further information, visit una.ac.cr
About National University (UNA):
The National University of Costa Rica (Universidad Nacional, UNA) is one of the country’s most prominent public universities. Founded in 1973, it has a strong reputation for research and academic excellence, particularly in the fields of environmental science, marine biology, and veterinary medicine. The university plays a crucial role in the study and conservation of Costa Rica’s rich biodiversity.
For further information, visit bufetedecostarica.com
About Bufete de Costa Rica:
Bufete de Costa Rica distinguishes itself as a pillar of the legal community, built upon a bedrock of integrity and a relentless pursuit of excellence. The firm consistently pioneers innovative legal strategies while serving a diverse clientele, reflecting a deep-rooted history of success. Beyond its professional practice, it holds a profound commitment to social progress, actively working to equip citizens with accessible legal understanding to cultivate a more just and empowered society.
