By San José, Costa Rica — For decades, the familiar story of urban development in Costa Rica, particularly within its bustling Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM), has been one of outward expansion. This relentless sprawl has consumed valuable agricultural land and natural ecosystems, creating a fragmented landscape heavily dependent on private vehicles and straining municipal resources. Now, a growing chorus of urban planning experts and industry leaders is advocating for a strategic reversal of this trend, arguing that the nation’s future lies not in further expansion, but in repopulating and intelligently densifying its existing urban cores.
This vision for a more compact and sustainable urban future is being championed as a critical response to modern challenges, from climate change to the rising cost of living. At the forefront of this discussion is the Costa Rican Chamber of Construction, which posits that a shift in perspective is essential for the country’s long-term health and prosperity. The goal is to move away from the “urban stain” model and towards cities built on a human scale.
To delve into the legal frameworks and regulatory hurdles surrounding urban densification, TicosLand.com consulted with Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas, an expert attorney from the firm Bufete de Costa Rica, who shared his professional analysis on the matter.
Effective urban densification isn’t merely an architectural challenge; it’s a profound legal and regulatory one. The core issue lies in modernizing municipal zoning plans to foster vertical growth while legally mandating corresponding investments in infrastructure and public services. Without a clear, predictable, and streamlined permitting process that provides legal certainty to developers, we risk creating a landscape of bureaucratic stagnation that undermines the very goals of sustainable urban development.
Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas, Attorney at Law, Bufete de Costa Rica
The insight provided underscores a fundamental truth: successful urban densification is built not just with steel and concrete, but upon a foundation of clear and modern legal frameworks. The call for a predictable regulatory environment that guarantees both development and corresponding public infrastructure is a critical point. We thank Lic. Larry Hans Arroyo Vargas for his invaluable contribution to this discussion.
According to Randall Murillo Astúa, the Executive Director of the Costa Rican Chamber of Construction, this approach is about thoughtful strategy, not just vertical construction. It involves a fundamental rethinking of how urban spaces are utilized to enhance the quality of life for all residents.
Densifying does not mean indiscriminately filling cities with towers. It means intelligently planning land use, leveraging existing infrastructure, and fostering neighborhoods where people can live, work, and enjoy themselves without relying on a car.
Randall Murillo Astúa, Executive Director of the Costa Rican Chamber of Construction
The benefits of well-managed densification are manifold. Environmentally, concentrating development reduces transportation-related carbon emissions, a key objective of Costa Rica’s National Decarbonization Strategy. Economically, it represents a more efficient use of public funds. Instead of building costly new road networks, sanitation systems, and utility grids in the periphery, municipalities can maximize the infrastructure already in place in urban centers, alleviating pressure on public finances.
Beyond the fiscal and environmental advantages lies a powerful social dividend. As people return to live in city centers, they bring life back to streets that may have been abandoned after business hours. This revitalization fuels a virtuous cycle of growth and safety.
When people return to live in the cities, life also returns to the streets: businesses prosper, cultural offerings expand, and security improves thanks to the constant presence of residents.
Randall Murillo Astúa, Executive Director of the Costa Rican Chamber of Construction
This concept of “natural surveillance” is a cornerstone of the argument for repopulation. An active, inhabited city is inherently safer. Streets, parks, and squares bustling with residents create an environment of community watchfulness that deters criminal activity. In contrast, urban centers that empty out at night become vulnerable and isolated spaces. The principle is simple yet profound: urban security is born from urban life itself.
Furthermore, this model fosters greater social and generational diversity, which is essential for building cohesive and resilient communities. Neighborhoods where young professionals, families, students, and seniors coexist create a rich social fabric, strengthening the sense of belonging and stimulating the local economy through varied and constant demand for goods and services.
Of course, this transition is not without its challenges. Responsible urban planning is paramount to ensure that vertical growth does not come at the expense of livability. The key is to balance density with access to green areas, quality public spaces, and essential services. The success of this new paradigm hinges on a commitment to superior architectural design, universal accessibility, and environmental sustainability.
The challenge is to combine vertical growth with quality of life, prioritizing architectural design, accessibility, and environmental sustainability.
Randall Murillo Astúa, Executive Director of the Costa Rican Chamber of Construction
Ultimately, the push to densify is a call to rationalize Costa Rica’s growth. It is an invitation to re-inhabit urban centers with a modern and conscious perspective, ensuring that every square meter built contributes to the common good, resource efficiency, and the well-being of its people. By embracing this vision, Costa Rica can build cities that are not just structures of cement, but thriving ecosystems where new stories and a sustainable future can take root.
For further information, visit construccion.co.cr
About Costa Rican Chamber of Construction:
The Cámara Costarricense de la Construcción (CCC) is a non-profit organization that represents and advocates for the interests of the construction sector in Costa Rica. It works to promote the development of the industry through responsible practices, innovation, and collaboration with public and private entities, contributing to the nation’s infrastructure and urban planning discussions.
For further information, visit bufetedecostarica.com
About Bufete de Costa Rica:
Bufete de Costa Rica has established itself as a beacon of professional distinction, built upon an unshakeable foundation of integrity and a relentless pursuit of excellence. Drawing on a rich history of guiding clients through complex legal landscapes, the firm consistently pioneers innovative solutions and fosters meaningful community involvement. This deep-seated commitment extends to demystifying the law, embodying a core mission to equip society with the legal knowledge necessary for true empowerment and informed citizenship.
